ia_2011_b_beiboutov

=B. Summary of Evidence (500-600 words) Tips]= // // Animal Farm // remains as the most famous criticism of the Russian Revolution and Stalin. It retraces the steps that were taken in order for Stalin to rise to his peak through multiple events and conflicts between the animals. Beginning as early as the fall of Tsar Nicholas II, who is represented by Mr. Jones, George Orwell displays the opinions and the historical background. Mr. Jones, the caretaker of the animals, was never a strong leader and remained reckless to his animals and forced them into strong and harsh labor, much as the Tsar did. His quick downfall as the animals overtook control can be interpreted as Nicholas II’s forceful abdication of his throne with the 1917 revolutions. Old Major is the first to teach the animals of Animalism, which is seen as Communism, and helps the workers come together. Karl Marx served exactly the same purpose in the Russian revolution; however he died before managing to experience the revolution himself. As soon as the last living force that kept the animals under control disappeared, the whole manipulation of the pigs took over.

Napoleon is one of the biggest characters I will be concentrating on throughout this investigation as he represents Joseph Stalin himself. George Orwell presents Napoleon as an evil, uneducated pig whom he obviously attempted to portray as atrocious as he kept requesting power through no work himself, but propaganda. In opposition to Snowball (Trotsky), he seemed powerless without any intellectual abilities or connections outside of the farm (Russia). Trotsky referring to Stalin clearly showed Stalin as not a very promising figure; however these aspects simply aided Stalin in gaining popularity amongst the Bolsheviks as he appeared as a safer figure. Even Lenin did not entirely believe in Stalin becoming General Secretary, as he mentions in his Testament. The people seemed more at ease on supporting Stalin in opposed to Trotsky because “Trotsky lacked a power base. Trotsky’s superiority as a speaker and writer, and his greater intellectual gifts, counted for little when set against Stalin’s control of the Party”. After Stalin imposing the KGB onto Trotsky (Snowball being chased off by the dogs), he remained silent and patient awaiting for opportunities to get rid of following important figures and opponents such as Benjamin who represented the “skeptical people in Russia”. “While posing as a moderate, he waited for the opportunity to attack other candidates for the leadership”. A famous writer, A. Rybakov even said that Stalin slowly and steadily began clearing off his opponents in the party.

Squealer remains one of Napoleons strongest help in brainwashing the animals with the Seven Commandments and training the sheep to constantly repeat them, almost like a radio, with a large amount of propaganda evoking the past of being under human control. In Soviet Russia, Stalin managed to keep a huge quantity of his support from the Russian people through propaganda. He needed to keep the Soviet people under control with pointing out the negatives of the past by “targeted by propaganda that stressed connection with the Russian past”. Squealer can also be seen as Bukharin, editor of Pravda who was a liable servant to Stalin throughout his defeat of the Right Opposition.

When support for Napoleon began getting weak as animals like Mollie, representing the bourgeoisie, followed anyone who gave them what they wanted and fled to other countries for more opportunities, Napoleon began using the dogs as force to threaten the other animals. It is similar to Stalin’s purges with the “wish to consolidate his absolute authority by bringing all the organs of Party and State under his control, but even after he achieved the aim, the terror continued”. With the animals threatened with their lives and in other words, the Russians with theirs, the continued to give in to Stalin.

At first, when both the pigs and the other farm animals in the story agreed to not have any contacts with the outside world of people, Napoleon and his strongest supporting pigs began to create alliances and connections with the people in order to trade and gain popularity, when at the beginning the aim was to spread the word of a revolution against all people. Stalin’s debut in international relationships began with “the Soviet Union committed to the active encouragement of worldwide revolution”. When in the beginning Old Major realized that the animals would not be able to coexist purely on their own supplies, he agreed on trading with the people alongside, such as Lenin agreed that “Russia would have to co-exist with other countries. This did not mean that the Bolsheviks were abandoning all though of international revolution, only that the time was not yet ripe”. When eventually Stalin came to power (Napoleon), an alliance was created, “the Treaty of Rapallo, signed between Germany and Soviet Russia in 1922”. It seemed as shocking as both countries appeared completely opposite in policies and beliefs yet they wanted to work together, called by Lloyd George “the pariah nations of Europe”. These international relationships simply increased when Stalin eventually turned left, and Napoleon became no different from a human being, with the people terrorized in famine and life threats. Stalin’s choice of denying for the British proposals of an agreement as they clearly gave the party no advantage. His choice of a Nazi – Soviet Non – Aggression Pact left the USSR safe from attacks of their biggest opponents.

“the Party’s eminent mediocrity”// Stalin and the Soviet Union // Stephen J. Lee “safer than Trotsky, who was clearly influenced by contacts with Western Europe”// Stalin and the Soviet Union // Stephen J. Lee “I am not certain that he will always be careful enough in his use of this power” Extracts from Lenin’s Testament (24 December 1922) and the codicil added to it in January 1923 // Stalin and Khrushchev The USSR, 1924-64 // Michael Lynch [] // Stalin and the Soviet Union // Jim Grant , “…all opponents, past present and future, had to be liquidated and would be liquidated”// Children of the Arbat // by A. Rybakov 1989 // Stalin and the Soviet Union // Stephen J. Lee // Stalin and Khrushchev The USSR, 1924-64 // Michael Lynch

// Stalin and Khrushchev The USSR, 1924-64 // Michael Lynch // Stalin and Khrushchev The USSR, 1924-64 // Michael Lynch // Stalin and Khrushchev The USSR, 1924-64 // Michael Lynch “The English proposals do not contain principles of reciprocity with regard to the USSR” Official Soviet reply to British proposals for an agreement with the Soviet Union, 15 May 1939 “Both High Contracting Parties obligate themselves to desist from any act of violence, any aggressive action, and any attack on each other, either individually or jointly with other weapons” Nazi – Soviet Non – Aggression Pact, August 1939 //