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__**Propaganda and Indoctrination **__

 __Aims__ > > __**Words:**__ Actions: Successes: Failures: Actions: Successes: Failures: __Sport__
 * Cult of Personality
 * Control of News
 * Delivering Mussolini’s speeches and messages to everyone.
 * To make propagandist feature films.
 * Mussolini’s image
 * Wanted to be seen as cultured
 * Maintaining Public support
 * To make propagandist feature films.
 * Mussolini’s image
 * Wanted to be seen as cultured
 * Maintaining Public support
 * Suppressing opposition newspapers (journalists and editors would be arrested if anything derogatory towards the regime was published)
 * Own Press office: newspapers were expected to publish official versions of events without question.
 * Radio’s: giving them to schools and even trying to get them to rural areas so everybody could hear Mussolini’s speeches.
 * Quoted the opinions of foreign admirers. (Austen Chamberlain widely reported saying Mussolini was ‘a wonderful man working for the greatness of his country’ as did Winston Churchill’s of the Duce’s, ‘sole thought was the lasting well-being of the Italian people as he sees it’.
 * Stories of Mussolini spending 20 hours per day on government business. His light was left on in his study for most of the night to back up the claim and disguise the fact he had retired to bed early.
 * ‘Often I would like to be wrong, but so fair it has never happened and events have always turned out just as I foresaw’. = Mussolini quick to claim credit for successes and quick to blame others for mistakes.
 * Cult like personality
 * Heightened by quotes from foreign admirers.
 * Underestimating the public: ‘are stupid, dirty, do not work hard enough and are content with their little cinema shows’.
 * __ Images: __**
 * Before films were played there was a short newsreel that depicted the fascist version of news and current events.
 * Portrayed as a vigorous, athletic and courageous man. = Magazines and newspapers printed pictures of him horse-riding, enjoying winter sports, driving cars fast and flying aeroplanes.
 * Portrayed as youthful by suppressing references to his age and avoiding the fact he needed to wear glasses.
 * Seen as cultured: made known that he had read all 35 volumes of the Italian Encyclopaedia and read nearly all classics of European literature including the complete works of Shakespeare.
 * Spectacles and parades: ‘one must always know how to strike the imagination of the public: that is the real secret of how to govern’.
 * Cinema was dominated by American ‘Hollywood’ films.

Successes:


 * Italian victory in the 1934 and 1938 __Football__ World Cup
 * Primo Carnera won the World Heavyweigh Boxing Championship
 * Italian's took pride in these achievements which Mussolini was quick to take credit for.


 * __How original were these policies?:__**


 * Draws many parallels with Hitler
 * Propaganda became more important with lots of European countries.